useful information
contraception
Contraception is the use of methods to prevent pregnancy, providing individuals with control over their fertility and allowing for family planning. In addition to preventing pregnancy, many contraceptive methods, such as condoms, also offer effective protection against sexually transmitted diseases, promoting sexual and reproductive health. This is essential for enabling individuals to make informed decisions about their health and relationships.
The most common and safe contraceptive methods include the birth control pill, male/female condom, intrauterine device (IUD) also known as the coil, contraceptive implant, and injectable contraception. These methods offer a variety of options for preventing pregnancy, allowing individuals to choose the one that best suits their needs and preferences. Many of them also provide effective protection against sexually transmitted diseases, thus contributing to overall sexual and reproductive health. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate contraceptive method based on individual health, lifestyle, and personal preferences.
The Sexual Health Clinic of the Canton Hospital Authority is available at hospitals in Lugano, Mendrisio, Bellinzona, and Locarno in person, as well as via email or phone. Everyone can access counseling, including minors under 16, regardless of gender, sexual identity, orientation, ethnicity, or religion. More information: https://www.eoc.ch/pazienti/servizi-di-supporto/consultori-di-salute-sessuale.html
sexually transmitted diseases
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse, and can cause serious health problems. Prevention of STDs involves using protective methods such as condoms, while control involves regular testing to promptly detect any infections. STDs can be treated through antibiotic or antiviral therapies, but seeking timely treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications and slow the spread of infections.
Here are some common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), their respective treatments, and tests:
Chlamydia: A common bacterial infection, often asymptomatic. Treated with antibiotics. Diagnosis is made through urine tests, tissue samples, or cervical swabs.
Gonorrhea: Another bacterial infection that can cause serious health problems if left untreated. Treated with antibiotics. Diagnosis is made through urine tests, tissue samples, or cervical swabs.
Syphilis: A bacterial infection that can damage many parts of the body. Treated with antibiotics. Diagnosis is made through blood tests.
Genital herpes: A viral infection that can cause painful sores. Treated with antiviral medications to reduce symptoms and recurrence frequency. Diagnosis is made through physical examination and blood tests.
HIV/AIDS infection: A viral infection that compromises the immune system. Treated with antiretroviral drugs. Diagnosis is made through blood tests.
HPV (human papillomavirus): A common viral infection that can cause genital warts and increase the risk of cervical cancer and other types of tumors. There is no definitive cure, but treatments are available for warts and a vaccine exists to prevent infection. Diagnosis is made through visual examination or Pap tests.
Trichomoniasis: A parasitic infection caused by a protozoan. Treated with antibiotics. Diagnosis is made through microscopic examination of samples taken from the genital area.
It is important to note that specific treatments and tests may vary depending on the type of STD and local medical practice. It is always advisable to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate assessment and personalized treatment.
The Sexual Health Clinic of the Canton Hospital Authority is available at hospitals in Lugano, Mendrisio, Bellinzona, and Locarno in person, as well as via email or phone. Everyone can access counseling, including minors under 16, regardless of gender, sexual identity, orientation, ethnicity, or religion.
More information: https://www.eoc.ch/pazienti/servizi-di-supporto/consultori-di-salute-sessuale.html
oncology
Women are susceptible to particular types of cancer, such as ovarian carcinoma and breast carcinoma, early detection through screening and access to innovative therapies can significantly improve healing prospects and quality of life. Psychological and social support are fundamental in the oncological care journey of women, ensuring a holistic approach that addresses not only the physical but also the emotional and social aspects of the disease.
Women can undergo a series of checks to prevent or early detect any health issues:
Regular gynecological examinations: Include pelvic exams and Pap tests for cervical cancer prevention.
Mammography: For early diagnosis of breast cancer, especially for women over 40 or with risk factors.
Ovarian examination: For early detection of abnormalities or early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Blood tests: Such as PSA (prostate-specific antigen) testing for prostate cancer prevention and blood tests to monitor estrogen and progesterone levels in women.
Genetic testing: For women with a family history of cancer, genetic testing may be recommended to assess the risk of developing hereditary tumors.
Breast self-examination: Women can learn to perform breast self-exams to detect any changes or abnormalities.
Healthy lifestyles: A balanced diet, regular exercise, avoiding smoking, and moderating alcohol consumption can help reduce the risk of developing many diseases, including cancer.
Consulting with one's doctor to determine which checks are most appropriate based on age, personal medical history, and individual risk factors is essential.
against violence
Violence against women is a pervasive form of abuse that can manifest in various ways, including physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence. Women can be victims of violence from intimate partners, family members, strangers, or institutions. This phenomenon is rooted in gender and power inequalities and has serious consequences for the physical and mental health of victims, contributing to the perpetuation of intergenerational cycles of violence. It is crucial to promote a culture of respect, gender equality, and awareness to effectively combat violence against women and protect the fundamental rights of all individuals.
It is important to emphasize that violence against women is never the fault of the victim. Regardless of the situation or context, the responsibility for violence always lies with the perpetrator, and the victim has no obligation to protect or appease the aggressor. Women have the right to live free from fear and violence, and no action or behavior justifies an act of abuse. It is essential for victims to feel supported in reporting violence and seeking help without feeling judged or blamed.
Every form of aggression should be condemned, regardless of whether it seems "less serious" than other instances of violence. We should never downplay or minimize the experiences of violence victims based on comparisons with other situations because each case is unique and deserves attention and support. Promoting these awareness is crucial to combat harmful stereotypes and create a culture of solidarity and support for victims of violence.
Psychological abuse has always been present in human relationships; however, its awareness and discussion have increased in recent years due to greater awareness of domestic violence and emotional abuse. This type of abuse manifests through manipulative, coercive, or damaging behaviors aimed at controlling, intimidating, or dominating an individual. Examples of psychological abuse include social isolation, emotional blackmail, constant criticism, sarcasm, gaslighting (convincing someone that their reality is invalid or distorted), threats, or withholding love and support. Additionally, the advent of digital technologies and social media has introduced new forms of psychological abuse, such as cyberbullying and online stalking, which can be more insidious and persistent than traditional forms of psychological abuse. It is important to recognize and address psychological abuse as it can have serious consequences on mental health, self-esteem, and quality of life for the victim. Support resources and professional help can be crucial in overcoming and healing from the wounds caused by this type of abuse.
Women's shelters and rights of victims in Switzerland: https://www.frauenhaeuser.ch/it
The Victim support service (LAV): https://www4.ti.ch/fileadmin/DSS/DASF/UAP/Pieghevole_LAV.pdf
pregnancy
Pregnancy is a period in a woman's life characterized by significant physical, emotional, and physiological changes. During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes a series of adaptations to support the growth and development of the fetus. It is essential that women receive adequate medical care during the pregnancy journey to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Regular prenatal visits allow the doctor to monitor fetal development, detect any early complications, and provide advice on diet, physical activity, and other healthy practices. Additionally, medical care during pregnancy includes managing pre-existing medical conditions and providing emotional support to address the physical and emotional challenges associated with pregnancy.
Information for pregnant women and parents, provided by the Swiss Federation of Midwives: www.sage-femme.ch
Workplace rights of pregnant women: www.infomaternita.ch
menopause
Menopause is a natural phase in a woman's life that marks the end of the fertile period and menstruation. It typically occurs around ages 45-55 but can vary from person to person. During menopause, the body produces fewer estrogen and progesterone hormones, leading to a range of physical and emotional changes. Common symptoms of menopause include hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood swings, difficulty sleeping, and loss of bone density.
To alleviate menopausal symptoms, many women find it helpful to adopt a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management techniques such as yoga or meditation. Other aids may include the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or other pharmacological treatments to reduce more severe symptoms like hot flashes.
It's important to consult with a doctor before undergoing any menopausal treatment, as it can entail specific risks and benefits for each individual. The doctor can help create a personalized treatment plan that takes into account symptoms, overall health, and individual risk factors. Additionally, addressing feelings and concerns related to menopause openly is crucial, as it can be an emotionally challenging time for many women. Education, support, and awareness can help women successfully navigate through this phase of life.
During menopause, psychological support plays a crucial role in providing emotional and practical support to women dealing with significant physical and emotional changes. This support can take various forms, such as individual or group counseling to explore feelings and coping strategies, menopause education to reduce anxiety and fear associated with this life stage. Additionally, involvement from partners, family, and friends can offer valuable emotional support. Recognizing and accepting this phase of life as a natural part of a woman's journey and having access to appropriate support resources can contribute to experiencing menopause more positively and satisfactorily.